Coagulation Parameters Changes Associated with Covid-19 Vaccination

A global spreading corona virus at 2019 (COVID-19) declared as emergent worldwide, due to its quick spreading and high rates of mortality that serious disruptions. The objective of this research is to explore further into effect of different types of covid-19 vaccinations (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) on some coagulation parameters from random samples of students in college of pharmacy/ university of Ker-bala. A case-control study was carried out with Iraqis living in Kerbala city particularly college students in Kerbala University/ College of Pharmacy from 2021/1/16 to 2022/4/16. This study was done to encompass quantitative and qualitative analysis of covid 19 vaccination types and possible thrombosis that occur after vaccination. The enrolled sixty participants of male and female were aged 18years and above. A questionnaire was made questions pertaining age were inquired to make sure participants fulfilled the criteria for in-clusion, past medical history, previous infection with covid 19 were incorporated into the survey. The scien-tific and ethical committee provided their ethical approval in college of pharmacy at University of Kerbala. Our results in this study indicate significant differences in coagulation parameters readings of (Pt, Ptt) between vaccination groups and control by using ANOVA statistical analysis of SPSS. Our study showed that the difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was considerable (Pfizer, AstraZeneca & Sinopharm Covid 19 vaccines) and control group in thrombotic measurements time and platelet mean value. The most effective and economical method of preventing COVID-19 infection is still vaccination. A number of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed quickly, but more research needs to be done on any side effects that may appear.Copyright © 2023, Colegio de Farmaceuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. All rights reserved.

Stacked Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory model for Multi-Class Arabic Sentiment Analysis on Covid-19

The world has been affected by the Covid-19 epidemic during the last three years. During that period, most people tended to use social networks, where by searching for topics related to Covid-19, information could be provided to manage decisions by organizations or governments about public health. With the importance of the Arabic language, despite the lack of research targeting it, using Arabic language as a source of data and analyzing it due to the large number of users on social networks gives an impetus to understand people's feelings about the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the challenges facing sentiment analysis in Arabic is the use of dialects. The most common and existing methods used have been quite ineffective as they are oblivious to contextual information and cannot handle long-distance word dependencies. The Iraqi Arabic dialect is one of the Arabic dialects that still suffers from a lack of research in sentiment analysis. In this study, the official page of the Iraqi Ministry of Health on Facebook was used to collect and analysis comments. Word2vec model is incorporated to extract words semantic characteristics. To capture contextual features, Stacked Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory model (Stacked Bi-LSTM) utilizes sequential word vectors derived from the Continuous Bag of Words model. When compared to most common and existing approaches, the proposed method performed well. © 2022 IEEE.

Covid-19 pandemic effects on the sustainable development of learning in Iraq

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in numerous nations across the globe, all public schools in Iraq were forced to close. Teachers were put in a difficult position because of the necessity of accommodating online learning. The Ministry of Education in Iraq has obligated all schools to substitute face-to-face teaching processes with online learning. The Ministry also put forward several educational projects and platforms, such as Newton, Classera, and My School through Educational TV. Although these projects were urgent, they created many issues for students, teachers and schools. The results of this study reveal that online learning in Iraq experienced substantial growth during the breakout of the Corona virus crisis. Schools have the potential to take advantage of the new educational methods, and also transform their teaching practices. On the other hand, this new approach faces many challenges, including technological, educational, and social. Unreliable communications and a weak Internet are among the biggest challenges, as well as many students' lack the electronic devices required for learning. Moreover, despite the abundance of digital resources, both teachers and students have low abilities at using electronic tools. The study recommended the necessity of accelerating technological readiness by training students and teachers to use technological applications and providing educational platforms that have the ability to meet their needs, as well as strengthening the role of educational supervision. © 2023 Author(s).

Designing an E-learning Readiness Assessment Model for Iraqi Universities Employing Fuzzy Delphi Method.

The assessment process of readiness for adoption an educational system considers the lifeblood of the e-learning system in a particular educational organization and the ability to assess the organization's readiness among the main factors which contributes to the success and progress. The readiness models are instruments that assist educational organizations in measuring their capability level and identifying the gaps to develop a strategy for implementing and adopting e-learning system. Due to the sudden chaos that Iraqi educational institutions have been exposed to the Covid-19 epidemic since the beginning of 2020, the e-learning system has been adopted as a quick alternative educational system for the continuation of the educational process without taking into consideration the readiness of the basic components of the educational process, which comprises the readiness of the infrastructure, human and educational organization to adopt such systems. Despite increased attention by stakeholders and the government with the readiness assessment process recently, there is no comprehensive model for assessing e-learning readiness in Iraqi higher education institutions, the purpose of this study is to design a model of an e-learning readiness assessment for Iraqi universities based on the comparative studies and the experts' views. It is worth to mention that the proposed model has objectively designed according to particular features and local characteristics country. The fuzzy delphi method was utilized for the validation process of the proposed model. The main dimensions and all factors of the proposed model reached the experts' agreement except a number of measures that did not achieve the assessment requirements. The final analysis result indicates that the e-learning readiness assessment model includes 3 main dimensions and 13 factors with 86 measures. Iraqi higher educational institutions can employ the designed model to assess their readiness and identify the areas that need improvement and reduce the gaps failures in e-learning adoption.

Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases Following Covid-19 Infection: An Observational Study in Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Background/Aims In December 2019, a new type of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China. The likelihood of developing an autoimmune and/or rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 survivors is high and a serious matter. The acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may unmask previously undiagnosed rheumatic conditions. We aimed to study rheumatic autoimmune disease manifestations diseases following COVID-19 infection survival. Methods The study was an observational case series study. The data collection was carried out in Iraqi Kurdistan region between the 1st of July 2021 and 20th of March 2022. Seventy-five patients were included: the patients who previously had confirmed COVID-19 infection who developed symptoms of rheumatic autoimmune diseases post COVID-19 cure. The study was conducted via a rigorous evaluation by two rheumatologists. Patients were investigated by (ESR (mm/h) and CRP (mg/L), some autoimmune screen panel for suspecting rheumatological disease patients were sent for ANA, anti-CCP (U/ML) and rheumatoid factor (IU/M) L. Then, patients were diagnosed according to the classification criteria for suspected autoimmune diseases and those with exacerbation were evaluated clinically and by laboratory;rheumatoid arthritis by DAS28, systemic lupus erythematosus by C3, C4. Results A total of seventy-five participants post-COVID-19 infection were enrolled in this study. Age of the participants was 47.15 +/-16.18 SD, more of the participants were female (69) out of 75. For most of the patients the ESR were high with p value of 0.012, which was statistically significant. ANA was high titre in SLE patients which was (3.05+/-2.4) and in antiphospholipid syndrome p-value was significant at 0.042, Anti-CCP were positive in RA patients and in those with exacerbation of RA (44+/-10, 31.7+/-5.7 respectively), DAS28 was (4.95+/-0.59) moderate and high disease activity in patients with exacerbations. C3, C4 were low in patients with exacerbation of SLE (0.47+/-0.22, 0.03+/-0.01, respectively). Most of the patients developed symptoms post-COVID-19 between 4-10 weeks (37 participants). Conclusion Rheumatic autoimmune diseases presenting post-COVID-19 survival most commonly were systemic lupus erythematous followed by rheumatoid arthritis. and previous autoimmune diseases presented with exacerbation. (Table Presented).

British Society for Rheumatology Annual Conference 2023 Abstracts

The proceedings contain 343 papers. The topics discussed include: implementation of a disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug blood monitoring software: 8 years of experience in a single center;effectiveness of colchicine among patients with COVID-19 infection: a randomized, open labelled, clinical trial;rheumatic autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 infection: an observational study in Iraqi Kurdistan region;COVID-19 in male elite Irish-based athletes at a national sports institute;the effects of a pain management program for patients with an inflammatory arthritis;a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness safety of platelet rich plasma injections in primary osteoarthritis in knee joint, in patients attending a tertiary care hospital, Sri Lanka;a cohort study;do proformas used in fracture liaison service appointments reflect national osteoporosis clinical standards? a content analysis;calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal in operated rheumatoid arthritis of the knee;cardiac amyloidosis: a case series of 31 patients with a comprehensive literature review;scoping review for the application of center of pressure for patient or intervention assessment in rheumatoid conditions;and four SNPs associated with monocyte/macrophage cell lineage uniquely associated with CRPS-1 in discovery and replication cohorts and suggest predisposition to regional osteopenia and digit misperception.

Oro-Facial manifestations of COVID-19 infection in a sample of Iraqi people

Public health officials are gravely concerned about the harm that viral illnesses continue to pose to humanity, various viral outbreaks, including the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona-Virus (MERS-CoV), H1N1 influenza, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS CoV-2 or COVID-19 that struck the globe in December 2019. A wide range of COVID-19 oral symptoms, such as ulceration, blisters, enanthems, hemorrhagic sores and cheilitis. Aim(s): to investigate the prevalence of oral symptoms amongst COVID-19 patients due to the disease's aggressive nature and diverse symptomatology and to assess the impact of oral health conditions on COVID-19 disease severity in a sample of Iraqi people. Material(s) and Method(s): a cross-sectional study was conducted on (200) patients in total, (81) male and (119) female, who were identified as SARS-COV2 patients. Result(s): COVID confirmed patients were involved in the present study with mean age (36.69+/-17.22) years & age range of (16-78) years. at least one of the oral manifestations was present in 72.5% of the patients, while about 27.5% did not experience any oro-facial symptoms. The oral symptom with the highest prevalence was dry mouth 50% followed by gustatory dysfunction 37% then burning mouth sensation 22.5% after that the oral pain 17%;myofacial pain 15.5 %;stomatitis\mucositis 14.5%;the prevalence of aphthous lesions, fissural cheilitis and tongue depapillation were at the same percentage which was 9.5%;then candidiasis 7.5%;the least prevalent oral symptoms was gingival bleeding at percentage of 2.5%. Conclusion(s): COVID-19 has a noticeable effect on oral cavity, there was a correlations between some general and orofacial manifestations of COVID-19.Copyright © 2023, Codon Publications. All rights reserved.

Epidemiological Approach of SARS-CoV2 in the First Month of Appearance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

The new emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV2 is an alerting pandemic worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology, viral behavior in the host, and the severity of the disease in an infected patient is a demanding approach for the healthcare system which lead to plan and contemplate the response for further waves of the same virus and even other related viruses. The evaluation of the protection measurements along with analyzing the recorded data of epidemiology and spread provides thorough insights toward the new Coronavirus modes of transmission, infection, and severity. Kurdistan Region of Iraq was hit by the SARS-CoV2 on March 2020 when first confirmed case recorded. The present paper analyzed a full month data of confirmed hospitalized and quarantined cases with regard to age, sex, geographical distribution. The highest risks were shown to be males of their young ages of 30-39 years old in Sulaimani province due to the social structure of the Kurdish population and the geographical position of Sulaimani. Social integration played a significant role in the spreading the virus in all cities of Kurdistan first onset of the virus in the community. Diagnosed hospitalized cases were mostly suffered from high fever, dry cough and breathing difficulties. The mortality rate was shown to be reasonable, and the majority of the cases were recovered after hospitalization and receive supportive treatment. Social distancing and total lockdown played a significant role in viral spread containment. The health authorities prevented devastating outbreak through tracing all the cases and their contacts, isolating the suspicious contacts, quarantining the neighborhoods were the virus found. Further investigation is needed in a larger scale of data in order to be armed with adequate knowledge for any other waves of COVID-19 in the region.Copyright © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.

Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm: A comparative study on biochemical and immunological responses in healthy individuals post-vaccination against COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since 2019, it has spread all over the globe, causing a pandemic that is still ongoing. COVID-19 vaccines protect against this disease through different strategies. Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm vaccines were the most used vaccines in Iraq. Both vaccines have a specific mechanism to trigger the immune system in cells. This research aims to compare the biochemical and immunological responses in vaccinated individuals with either the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine or the Sinopharm vaccine. This cohort study included 120 Iraqi adults vaccinated with two doses, 21 days apart, using either the Pfizer or the Sinopharm vaccine. Forty subjects received the Pfizer vaccine, 40 subjects received the Sinopharm vaccine, and the other 40 subjects were unvaccinated. After 6 weeks, the second dose was administered, and the blood samples were collected. Our findings revealed that the biochemical biomarkers, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, seem to be not affected by the vaccines used. However, both vaccines significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase levels (p < 0.05). In contrast, the immunological biomarkers such as IgG, IgM, C3, IL-2, and hs-CRP remarkably responded to both vaccines (p < 0.01), while procalcitonin levels were significantly increased by the Pfizer vaccine (p < 0.05). The study concluded that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine boosted the immune system more than the Sinopharm vaccine. A booster dose is advised for people who have already taken Sinopharm or have long-term immunosuppressive diseases.Copyright © 2022 Edan, Khalaf, Geeran, licensee HBKU Press.

Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients

Background: Vaccination proved useful in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection;however, there were instances of breakthrough infection occurred. Unvaccinated people are liable to have a severe infection while infection in vaccinated people has different outcomes, especially in relation to the type of vaccine. In this study, we aimed to assess the severity of the disease in unvaccinated people and the severity of break through infection in vaccinated people in relation to the type of vaccines available in Iraq. Method(s): Two groups of Iraqi patients were studied, of which the first included 8,096 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including their vaccination status;and the second group included 1,124 patients who received the vaccine and developed the disease later. The severity of infection in these groups in relation to the three types of vaccine administered in Iraq was evaluated. Result(s): Among the 8,096 patients who developed severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia, most (96%) were not vaccinated. Among 1,124 patients who received the vaccine and developed breakthrough infection, Sinovac was associated with mild cases while Pfizer and AstraZeneca were associated with moderate and severe cases. Conclusion(s): Infection in unvaccinated people tended to be more severe and critical than that in vaccinated people, where it was mild or moderate. Of the vaccines given in Iraq, Sinopharm appeared to be superior to the other two in terms of breakthrough infection.Copyright © 2022 Zangana, licensee HBKU Press

How Has The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Child Health Tracks?.

Objective: It is aimed to detect the disruptions experienced in Healthy Child Follow-ups in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): The files of the patients who applied to the Healthy-Child Outpatient Clinic of our hospital from March 14, 2020, when the curfews began in Turkey, until March 31, 2021, were reviewed retrospectively. Result(s): During this period, 5036 patients applied for healthy-child follow-ups. It was found that 1.44% (n=73) of these patients missed some of their follow-ups. Of these patients, 35.6% were citizens of the Republic of Turkey, 32.9% were Syrian, and 31.5% were Iraqi refugees. 78.1% of the patients were not taking iron prophylaxis. Hip ultrasonography was not performed in 72.6% of the patients. It was found that 80.8% of the patients were missing vaccination and other follow-ups, while 31.5% were only missing vaccination while other follow-ups were complete. It was determined that 38.3% of the patients did not have more than one vaccination, and 12.3% did not have any vaccination since birth due to vaccine rejection. There was no difference between Turkish citizens and Syrian or Iraqi citizens in terms of missing follow-ups (p=0.213). In terms of missing vaccinations, it was determined that Syrian and Iraqi refugees missed more vaccinations (p<0.001). Conclusion(s): In order to raise healthy children, it is thought that public should be informed about the importance of followups, and patients should be guided without delay in every case of missing follow-ups.Copyright © 2022 Ankara Pediatric Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital. All rights reserved.

Genetic Association of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE-2 (rs2285666) Polymorphism with the Susceptibility of COVID-19 Disease in Iraqi Patients

Significant risks to human health are posed by the 2019 coronavirus illness (COVID-19). SARS coronavirus type 2 receptor, also known as the major enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), connects COVID-19 and RAS. This study was conducted with the intention of determining whether or not RAS gene polymorphisms and ACE-2 (G8790A) play a part in the process of predicting susceptibility to infection with COVID-19. In this study 127 participants, 67 of whom were deemed by a physician to be in a severe state of illness, and 60 of whom were categorized as "healthy controls".The genetic study included an extraction of genomic DNA from blood samples of each covid 19 patients and healthy controls, then amplification the site of SNP (rs2285666) Within the ACE2 gene by using specific primers, sequencing PCR products, and genotyping to detect the role of the ACE-2 gene (rs2285666) in the incidence of COVID-19. ACE-2 (rs2285666) is statistically associated to COVID-19. The COVID-19 group had 65.67 %of individuals with the wild-type homozygous genotype (GG) and 20% in the control group, while the control group had 63.33% of individuals with the mutant genotype (AA). Consequently, the wild-type homozygous (GG) and allele (G) may be considered a risk factor (etiological fraction E. F) for COVID-19 in Iraqi patients, whereas the mutant homozygous (AA) and allele (A) may be considered a protective factor (preventive fraction). The findings of the present study reveal that carriers of the GG genotype of ACE2 (rs2285666) are substantially more susceptible to COVID-19.Copyright © 2023 Allami et al.

Effects of physicochemical changes (temperature, pH, and culture media) on strong biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients with respiratory infection in Iraq

Introduction and Aim: The ability of Acinetobacter baumannii to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces is regulated by several pathogens' virulence factors, and this is thought to be at the root of the bacteria's resistance to antibiotics. We hope to learn how temperature, pH, and iron concentrations influence the development of biofilms in A. baumannii isolated from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 individuals, and which genes are relevant for biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Material(s) and Method(s): Eight strong adherent isolates of A. baumannii from respiratory tract infection Iraqi patients (4 from COVID-19 and the other from non-COVID-19 just respiratory patients) had been used in this study which conducted from 10/1/2021 to 10/2/2022. The antibiotic sensitivity of all isolates was determined using the VITEK-2 system. The biofilm associated genes OXA-51, bap, Chaperone Usher (CsuE) and Integron-1, was detected using PCR. Isolates of A. baumainni were put through a battery of tests to determine whether they possessed the capacity to produce robust biofilms under a wide range of both physical (temperature, pH) and chemical circumstances. Result(s): A. baumannii showed that all isolates were multidrug resistant and positive for the biofilm genes studied. Effect on temperature on biofilm formation showed at 44C biofilm formation was significantly lower than that at 37C (mean differences of 0.178000 (t= 8.355, df:3, P=0.004) and 0.204000 (t=26.521, df:3, P=0.000) respectively). The adhesion factor value in the COVID-19 positive and negative groups decreased significantly because of the pH change. Iron concentration of 60 microM significantly lowered biofilm formation among COVID-19 group and non-COVID-19 group. Conclusion(s): A. baumanni are multidrug resistance isolates with a capacity to form biofilms. The ability to form biofilms by A. baumannii is strongly influenced by physical and chemical factors.Copyright © 2023, Indian Association of Biomedical Scientists. All rights reserved.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Individuals and Communities Through the Lens of a Kurdish Artist: A Narrative Inquiry Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic affects individuals and society at different levels. For a brief period during the pandemic, the Kurdish government closed all governmental organizations and interconnected routes, except for medical and security settings, and announced a curfew. In this article, we portray the effects of the pandemic on individuals and communities from an artist's view through an art-based narrative inquiry. Narrative analysis is used for analyzing texts or visual data in story form. It describes the life experiences of individuals and the environment in which they reside. Data came from the observations and experiences of the first author during the time he conducted research regarding the impacts of COVID-19 on different aspects of the Kurdish community in the Kurdistan Region through our previous research. The images and stories show that individuals feared COVID-19 and struggled to protect themselves from infection. They faced prolonged social distancing, quarantine, and complete lockdown and lost their family members and loved ones-their relationships with family members and others were disrupted during the pandemic. Additionally, vulnerable groups, such as children and older adults, have been especially affected psychologically during the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that the pandemic has affected different groups of people and impacted the health security of Iraqi Kurdistan society. Our findings add a conceptual understanding of the health threat of the pandemic that can be used to implement health services and health policy for individuals and communities in Iraqi Kurdistan.

How Has The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Child Health Tracks?

Objective: It is aimed to detect the disruptions experienced in Healthy Child Follow-ups in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Material and Methods: The files of the patients who applied to the Healthy-Child Outpatient Clinic of our hospital from March 14, 2020, when the curfews began in Turkey, until March 31, 2021, were reviewed retrospectively. Results: During this period, 5036 patients applied for healthy-child follow-ups. It was found that 1.44% (n=73) of these patients missed some of their follow-ups. Of these patients, 35.6% were citizens of the Republic of Turkey, 32.9% were Syrian, and 31.5% were Iraqi refugees. 78.1% of the patients were not taking iron prophylaxis. Hip ultrasonography was not performed in 72.6% of the patients. It was found that 80.8% of the patients were missing vaccination and other follow-ups, while 31.5% were only missing vaccination while other follow-ups were complete. It was determined that 38.3% of the patients did not have more than one vaccination, and 12.3% did not have any vaccination since birth due to vaccine rejection. There was no difference between Turkish citizens and Syrian or Iraqi citizens in terms of missing follow-ups (p=0.213). In terms of missing vaccinations, it was determined that Syrian and Iraqi refugees missed more vaccinations (p<0.001). Conclusion: In order to raise healthy children, it is thought that public should be informed about the importance of followups, and patients should be guided without delay in every case of missing follow-ups.

How Has The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Child Health Tracks?.

Objective: It is aimed to detect the disruptions experienced in Healthy Child Follow-ups in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): The files of the patients who applied to the Healthy-Child Outpatient Clinic of our hospital from March 14, 2020, when the curfews began in Turkey, until March 31, 2021, were reviewed retrospectively. Result(s): During this period, 5036 patients applied for healthy-child follow-ups. It was found that 1.44% (n=73) of these patients missed some of their follow-ups. Of these patients, 35.6% were citizens of the Republic of Turkey, 32.9% were Syrian, and 31.5% were Iraqi refugees. 78.1% of the patients were not taking iron prophylaxis. Hip ultrasonography was not performed in 72.6% of the patients. It was found that 80.8% of the patients were missing vaccination and other follow-ups, while 31.5% were only missing vaccination while other follow-ups were complete. It was determined that 38.3% of the patients did not have more than one vaccination, and 12.3% did not have any vaccination since birth due to vaccine rejection. There was no difference between Turkish citizens and Syrian or Iraqi citizens in terms of missing follow-ups (p=0.213). In terms of missing vaccinations, it was determined that Syrian and Iraqi refugees missed more vaccinations (p<0.001). Conclusion(s): In order to raise healthy children, it is thought that public should be informed about the importance of followups, and patients should be guided without delay in every case of missing follow-ups. Copyright © 2022 Ankara Pediatric Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital. All rights reserved.

Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in the Management of COVID-19 in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Coronaviruses are infectious respiratory tract illnesses, but they can also affect the digestive tract and infect both humans and animals. The new coronavirus results in complicated health problems all over the world. The most urgent concern of all researchers around the world has been the treatment of the virus. The following study aimed to use quantitative ethnobotany to help scientist in addressing the deadly virus. Expert sampling method was adopted with the aid of an in-depth interview guide. Thirty-nine respondents were interviewed. Eighty-one medicinal plant species from 35 families were documented. Males 25 (64.1%) constitute the greater percentage of the total respondents. Majority of the respondents had formal education. Eighty-one medicinal plant species from 35 families were documented. Leaves are the most utilized 25.8 followed by seed 17.7 and fruits 12.1%, respectively. Relative frequency of citation ranged from 0.5 to 0.9, whereas the FL value ranged from 0.4 to 0.85, revealing how effective the documented plant species are in the management of COVID-19 in the region. A greater amount of research into documented medicinal plants is warranted because of the high likelihood that they contain many active ingredients.

The Impacts of Interferon Gamma Gene Polymorphism on BNT162b2 Induced Antibody Response

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome the coronavirus-2 that is responsible for the complicated, highly variable severe acute respiratory syndrome known as coronavirus disease 2019 was found in China in December 2019. Pfizer and BioNTech have teamed up to developed a lipid nanoparticle containing a nucleoside-modified messenger RNA encodes the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome the coronavirus-2, which is a crucial target of neutralizing antibodies. Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the role of interferon gamma T/A gene polymorphism +874 (rs2430561) in immune response to coronavirus disease 2019BNT162b2 through:Measuring anti spike-1 IgG serum level by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Studying the single nucleotide polymorphism in interferon gamma T/A +874 gene, using amplification refractory mutation System-polymerase chain reaction. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and eighty BNT162b2 vaccinated healthy participants aged above eighteen years were included in a cross-sectional study 21-30 days following the booster dose. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from blood samples then genotypes were detected by amplification refractory mutation System (ARMS-PCR). Determination of IgG levels by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay against spike protein-1of receptor binding domain protein. Results: This study showed a strong significant difference in distribution of interferon gamma genotypes and immune responseto BNT162b2 vaccine (P value 0.032), the frequency of homozygous wild genotypeTT was higher in those with good antibody response unlike homozygous mutant AA genotype was higher in weak antibody response category.Furthermore, there were highly significant association between sex and genotypes frequency, homozygous mutant genotype (AA) was higher in males 43.70% than in females 16.90% (P. value less than 0.001). Conclusions: Interferon gamma +874 T/A may be associated with BNT162b2 vaccine unresponsiveness. That is, substantial proportion of subjects who carry A allele showed poor antibody response after vaccination, while T allele showed potent association with high levels of anti-S1 IgG titer.

Identification and Analysis the Polymorphism in FGA Gene among Covid-19 Patients in Babylon Province/Iraq

SARS-COV-2, a beta coronavirus, was discovered to be the virus that caused the coronavirus disease pandemic in 2019 (Covid-19). It's been proven that abnormal coagulation function has a role in COVID-19 illness progression. However, there is no apparent link between D-dimer levels and COVID-19 severity. The goal of the study was to see if there was a link between D-dimer levels and the severity of COVID-19 investigation of SNPs in FGA gene. Interactors have been found in a variety of proteins, and fibrinogen chains (FGA) are a type of fibrinogen, which is an anti-infective organ, the liver produces this glycoprotein. And serves as an important coagulation factor and an acute phase reactant;for its versatile role in coagulation, inflammation, blood viscosity, and the implications in the management of (COVID 19). Fibrinogen's role in acute COVID 19 patients and clot formation has been studied been investigated by researchers. There have been no research on the direct association of Fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA) with SARS-Cov-2 so far. The current study proved that FGA did not affect the vaccinated people, but effect of sars-cov2 infected patients. Sequencing study of the investigated section revealed 392 bp of the gene FGA. The presence of an insertion mutation in the fifth axon results in a shift in amino acid sequence from Histidine CAU (GTA) to Threonine ACA (TGT), resulting a change in the amino acid sequence. © 2022, ResearchTrentz Academy Publishing Education Services. All rights reserved.

Molecular Analysis of CD147 Gene among Sars-Cov2 Patients and Vaccinated People In Babylon Province

SARS-COV2, a beta coronavirus, the virus that caused the epidemic of coronavirus illness in 2019 (Covid19) has been discovered. in late 2019. Corona viruses various proteins have been identified. Discovered as interactors between SARS and CoV-2, and Their capacity to engage with host membrane receptors is due to spike proteins. SARS-COV attaches to cyclo philin A and identifies the CD147 receptor present on the surface of host cells (Cy PA), a ligand for CD147, via its nucleo capsid protein. The study aim to investigate the distribution and detection of SNPs CD147 gene mutations in Covid-19 patients as a receptor for virus entry and a modulator of virus entry through endocytosis. Twelve samples were shown to amplify CD147 gene. The study's findings showed that there is a considerable variance in the rates of mutations for a gene CD147, and the results of the sequencing analysis of the studied segment revealed 229 bp of the gene CD147 the presence of substitution and insertion mutations is distributed unevenly according to their positions P151, p (220-221) in the samples that were studied. © 2022, ResearchTrentz Academy Publishing Education Services. All rights reserved.